Aurora
Northern and southern lights: when geomagnetic storms push auroras toward lower latitudes, and how to read the forecast for your sky.
Top stories
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What is the Kp index? How to read an aurora forecast
The Kp index rates geomagnetic activity from 0 to 9 every three hours. Kp 5 is a G1 storm, and each step brings the aurora about 2 degrees nearer the equator.
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What causes the northern lights? Solar wind and colors
Particles from the Sun, steered to the poles by Earth's magnetic field, make oxygen and nitrogen glow mostly 100 to 200 km up. The Sun peaked in October 2024.
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October 10 geomagnetic storm reached G3: aurora outlook
A coronal mass ejection drove a G3 (strong) geomagnetic storm on October 10, 2026. What NOAA measured, who saw aurora and what comes next.
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